As it’s known, Renaissance was a period when artists turned to Antique art and discovered the beauty of the human body. In 19 erotic engravings, Agostino Carracci (1557-1602) followed the aesthetic of his time depicting muscled bodies of famous gods and heroes, but also added exaggerated genitals. The Italian book “I Modi” (“The Ways“) contained a series of sexual poses, and its’ original edition (1524) was destroyed by the Catholic Church.
Fig. 1. Fragments from Raimondi’s second edition (shishigami.com)
The sensual images by Marcantonio Raimondi, the author of the first edition, had inspired Italian poet Pietro Aretino (1492-1556) to create his erotic sonnets, so the second edition published in 1527 was accompanied by Aretino’s “Sonetti Lussuriosi.” Both editions didn’t survive.
The oldest edition that came down to us is the one with engravings attributed to Carracci. So let’s look at ancient Greek and Roman legendary lovers!
Fig. 2 Venus Genetrix (Venus Mother) in a chariot with two doves accompanied by Cupid and two winds. Vulva is clearly visible.
SONNET 1 by Aretino
He: Let’s fuck, my love, let’s fuck,
Since all of us were born only to fuck.
You adore the rod and I adore the hole.
The world would be nothing without this act.
If it were proper to fuck after death,
I’d say let’s fuck ourselves to death,
Then we could fuck Adam and Eve,
Who died dishonorably.
She: Truly, if those truants hadn’t eaten
that treacherous apple in the garden,
Lovers would long ago have quenched their lust.
But let’s stop chatting. Stick your rod in
So that it reaches my heart, and crush the soul
That lives or dies issuing from the rod.
He: Don’t leave out my balls –
Take them inside the hole,
those witnesses of every extreme pleasure.
Paris and Oenone
Fig. 3. Side-by-side, man on top.
According to Greek mythology, Oenone was the first wife of Paris, whom he abandoned for Helen, the queen of Sparta, after three goddesses Aphrodite, Athena, and Hera had forced him to choose who was the most attractive among them. Every goddess promised him a special reward. Aphrodite said that she would make him capable of seducing the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris couldn’t resist and announced her as the most attractive deity. Then he abducted Helen with the help of Aphrodite and the great Trojan war, at the end of which Greeks set Troy on fire, was begun. In the engraving by Carracci, Paris is just a shepherd idyllically loving his wife, and the shine above Troy is not the fire, but only the morning sun.
Angelica and Medoro
Fig. 4. Reverse cowgirl.
This couple originates from the popular Italian narrative “The Frenzy of Orlando,” 1516 (“Orlando Furioso”) by Ariosto. Angelica was a coldhearted princess living at the court of the king Charlemagne at the time of wars for the Holy Tomb. Annoyed Cupid made her fall in love with the Saracen knight Medoro when she occasionally found him being wounded and nursed him secretly. Lovers had carved their names on a tree trunk, and Orlando, who was hopelessly in love with Angelica, discovered these names afterward and thus became mad (“furioso”).
The Satyr and the Nymph
Fig. 5. Missionary position (man on top and standing, woman lying).
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Julia with an Athlete
Fig. 6. Reverse cowgirl (woman standing).
This image contains a reference to the Roman story. Julia the Elder was the lascivious daughter of Augustus Caesar who said once: “There are two wayward daughters that I have to put up with: the Roman commonwealth and Julia.” Being the only child of Augustus, Julia was obliged to provide his father with noble grandsons. She first married at the age of fourteen, but her husband died two years later. Then she married general Agrippa, who wasn’t of noble origin but was trusted by Augustus. Her second husband was 25 years older than her, and 18 years old Julia was seduced by young aristocrat Sempronius Gracchus.
Unlucky Spouse
Being a mother of fifth children at the age of 26, Julia was rumored to have an affair with her stepbrother Tiberius, whom she, according to the wish of her father, married when Agrippa died. Julia and Tiberius didn’t love each other and got their divorce after 5 years of marriage. Julia tried her best to damage the reputation of her third spouse and finally succeeded with the help of Sempronius. The unlucky spouse was voluntarily exiled to Rhodos. Julia’s lifestyle was getting more and more slutty. She had numerous lovers and took part in street orgies at night, which was inappropriate for her status. Augustus exiled her to a small island Pandateria when she was 37.
Hercules and Deianira
Fig. 7. Standing missionary (woman supported by man)
Deianira was a Calydonian princess and a possessive (or naive) spouse of a Greek hero Hercules. Her beautiful name is, in fact, a spoiler for the whole story because it can be translated as “a destroyer of her husband.” As we know from the myths, Hercules covered his arrows with poisonous blood of Lernaean hydra after he had defeated the monster, so every shot became fatal.
When centaur Nessus took an attempt to abduct and rape Deianira, Hercules killed him with his mortal weapon. Agonizing Nessus persuaded Deianira to collect his poisoned blood by telling her that if she covered with this “potion” the clothing of Hercules, he would love her forever. When Deianira suspected Hercules of infidelity, she recalled these instructions and caused Hercules’ cruel death.
Mars and Venus
Fig. 8. Missionary (woman on top, though lying not sitting, and with left foot supported by stool).
Venus or Aphrodite was a wife of Hephaestus, the god of metalworking. She didn’t like her ugly and spavined spouse and thus cheated on him with other gods and heroes. In this engraving, she has an affair with the god of war Mars (we can see his cuirass next to the bed). According to the myth, Hephaestus caught them with an invisible metal net and dragged his prey to mount Olympus. Gods persuaded him to set cheaters free in return for an adulterer’s fine from Mars.
The Cult of Priapus
Fig. 9. Missionary (male standing, woman sitting).
Here we see an encounter of two satyrs and the statue of Priapus with a giant penis in the background. A minor deity Priapus was a son of Dionysus and Aphrodite, and a patron of physical love and fertility.
Jove controls the thunderbolts;
the trident is Neptune’s weapon;
Mars is mighty by the sword;
thine, Minerva, is the spear.
Bacchus fights his battles with a bundle of thyrsi;
the bolt, we are told, is shot by Apollo’s hand.
Hercules’ invincible right arm is equipped with a club;
but a mentule at full stretch makes me appalling. (“Priapea” or “Sportive Epigrams on Priapus”)
This scene is not typical for Greek art and mythology because there are no female satyrs. This series has one more image of coupling satyrs “A Satyr and His Wife” (fig. 10).
Fig. 10. Missionary (man standing, woman sitting).
Antony and Cleopatra
Fig. 11. Side-by-side missionary.
Let’s take a look at another famous couple from Roman history. Mark Antony was a talented Roman general who fell in love with Cleopatra when he was visiting the client kingdom of Egypt (which means that Egypt depended on Rome at that time). Antony was also a member of the Second Triumvirate: he ruled the Roman Empire together with Octavian and Marcus Lepidus. To make relations between triumvirs more stable, Antony married a sister of Octavian. So, when the latter learned about Antony’s affair with Cleopatra, he proclaimed Antony a traitor. After the catastrophe at the Battle of Actium, lovers committed suicide, and Octavian, who was a father of Julia the Elder, became the first Roman emperor.
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